The Tenghualuo Site is located in the south of Zhuchao Village, Zhongyun Township, National Development Zone, Lianyungang City, 18 kilometers west of Xinpu and 7 kilometers east of Lianyungang Port. It is located on the alluvial plain in the valley between the beautiful Nanyuntai Mountain and Beiyuntai Mountain. 119º20'30” east longitude, 34º41'00” north latitude, 6-7 meters above sea level.

　　On March 20, 1988, two ash pits were found during the construction of the high-voltage power tower at Nanjing No.7 Road in the Development Zone of Lianyungang City. There were original objects such as stone axes, adzes, arrowheads, etc., especially bird-head-shaped ash. Tao Ding's feet, bird head shape, eyes opened and closed, lifelike. Wang Jicheng, the former head of the Zhongyun Township Cultural Station, suspected that this object was related to the Dongyi Shaohao tribe with birds as totems, so he immediately notified the Municipal Cultural Management Committee. In the spring of 1996, under the auspices of the Nanjing Museum, the archaeological team of the Tenghualuo Site was formed by the Nanjing Museum, the Lianyungang Cultural Management Committee and the Municipal Museum, and the trial excavation was carried out. The prelude to the large-scale excavation of the Tenghualuo site was thus opened. It is determined to be a well-preserved settlement site from the Longshan to Yueshi period (4,500-4,000 years ago, the eve of the formation of Chinese national civilization). From 1998 to 2000, a large-scale large-scale drilling and excavation was carried out, and it was finally determined that the Tenghualuo site was an ancient city site during the Longshan period: a double wall, complete living, production, and religious relics in the city, and a relatively simple cultural outlook. It is very suitable for long-term settlement archaeological excavation research.

　　During the excavation of the site, experts from the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and archaeologists Yu Weichao, Zhang Zhongpei, Yan Wenming, Zhang Xuehai and others visited the site for inspection and guidance and gave high praise. Due to its importance, representativeness and particularity, the Tenghualuo site was awarded the "Top Ten New Archaeological Discoveries in 2000". In 2001, the archaeological excavation project of the Tenghualuo site was also awarded the only second prize (the first prize is vacant) at the "Field Archaeology Review" held by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage.

　　For prehistoric civilizations, archaeology is customary to name a series of identical and similar cultures with the modern place names of a culture or a typical type of culture where it was first discovered. The Tenghualuo site belongs to the Longshan culture. Its late period was the peak of settlement development, and the country was also nurtured in this development. Therefore, the discovery of the ancient city of Tenghualuo is undoubtedly of great significance for the study of settlements at the end of primitive society and the study of the final transition period before the formation of the country.

　　At present, the Tenghualuo site has an exposed area of about 4,000 square meters and a drilling area of more than 300,000 square meters. Discovery of Longshan Cultural City site, large platform foundation, residential house site, domestic garbage ash pit, ash ditch, water ditch, protective ring trench, paddy field, and the surrounding trenches and ash pits of Yueshi Culture following Longshan Culture More than 200 places. More than 2,000 pieces of jade, stone and pottery were unearthed, and hundreds of charred rice were found. The ancient city of Tenghualuo has fully reflected the rich connotations of prehistoric local social organization structure (such as hierarchical differences), people's spiritual beliefs (such as sacrifices), social production methods, and daily life.

　　The ancient city of Tenghualuo is located on the alluvial plain between the north and south Yuntai Mountains, and is adjacent to the sea to the east. It has fertile soil suitable for farming and obtaining material and living sources, and is convenient for the city’s self-defense and defense. It has a strategic location and is a careful and deliberate choice. the result of. More importantly, the double-city pattern and construction method of the ancient city fully reflect the extraordinary wisdom and outstanding engineering construction level of the ancient people who used stone and wood as the main production tool. (Remains on the plate)

　　The city is composed of two walls inside and outside. The outer city is rectangular in plan with rounded corners. It is composed of city walls, trenches, and gates. It covers an area of about 14,000 square meters and has a circumference of 1,520 meters. It is built with plates and stacks. There is a ridge-like raised wall core in the middle of the city wall, and a shallower wall core foundation groove is excavated. There are thick wooden piles in the middle and both sides of the wall core for reinforcement, and there are regular rows of wooden piles on both sides of the wall. pile. The city trench is on the outside of the outer city wall, with a width of 7.5-8 meters, a residual depth of 0.8 meters, an inner arc-shaped trench wall and a concave trench bottom. In terms of city gates, the southern and eastern gates of the outer city are very meticulous in architecture. For example, the outer south city gate, the foundation part of the city wall is partitioned at the gate, and the upper part is left with a gap. The city wall is piled up on both sides of the city gate. Another example is the east gate of the city. On the inner side of the city wall and on the wall of the Linmen Road, it is constructed by plate-building method. The wall is wrapped in an L shape and is reinforced with dense rows of piles. The inner city is a square with rounded corners, with an area of about 40,000 square meters and a circumference of 806 meters. A road and drainage ditches on both sides of the road are found between the inner city and the outer city. There is a functional difference between the inner city and the outer city. All the houses are in the inner city, and no house has been found in the outer city. The distances between the inner and outer cities in the east, south, and west are the same, except that there is a wider space between the inner and outer cities in the north. There is no accumulation of stratum formed by domestic waste related to residential life, and it may be mainly a production area.

　　From the architectural point of view, the inner city wall is basically all built with blocks, and a large number of wooden piles are used for reinforcement, which is more elegant; the outer city is mainly built with piles, but the blocks near the city gate are built with blocks. Another important phenomenon was discovered in a section of a working area in the southern part of the city excavated in 1999. The stratum accumulation on both sides of the outer city wall was obviously different. Under the outer cultivated soil layer, there were several layers of horizontal silt sand accumulation. Most of the pure yellow ash sand and blue ash sand were formed by the impact of seawater intrusion and flooding. The inner side of the outer city wall is the accumulation of cultural layers at that time, and the horizontal accumulation of sandy soil on the outside never crosses the city wall. This provides a reasonable natural explanation for the dual city wall pattern of Tenghualuo Ancient City and the different construction methods of inner and outer cities.

　　The two-city wall pattern of the ancient city of Tenghualuo and the difference in the construction methods of the inner wall and the outer wall are its macro characteristics and serve the overall needs of the ancient city’s society. The layout of the inner city of the ancient city is based on the archaeological discovery of this physical evidence. It fully reflects the content of the social organization structure of Tenghualuo Ancient City, such as the difference in social hierarchy. This characteristic of social appearance also proves and conforms to the fact that Tenghualuo Ancient City is in the period of transition from prehistoric primitive clan society to state society.

　　In terms of time, the ancient city of Tenghualuo is 4500-4000 years ago, that is, the 25th-21st century BC, and the landmark event of the formation of the Chinese state was the establishment of the first slavery country by Xia Qi, the son of Dayu in the 21st century BC— Xia Chao. Archaeological excavations in the inner city of Tenghualuo Ancient City found a large number of house sites, three rammed earth foundations, two main inner city roads, and a large area of red burnt soil and other important relics.

　　At present, 35 houses have been found on the base site. They are of various shapes. They are divided into rectangular single rooms, double rooms, row houses, and back-shaped houses, and they show differences in overall layout. The east-west main road of the inner city is bounded by the east-west main road. The northern houses are circular, trapezoidal, and square, and the shapes are not very regular. The area of the single room on the site is relatively small. There are three single rooms on the north and south sides of each house, each with an area of 5-7 square meters, and the houses on the south of the road are elegantly structured, all are square, not round, in addition to single rooms, there are row houses, with a regular plan , The partitioning rules for double rooms and row houses, each with an area of 12 square meters. Not far to the south, there is a back-shaped room with a total area of 100 square meters. In short, archaeological excavations and drilling have shown that the central and northern part of the inner city is a residential area, with various housing sites, which are related to the social and family population. The difference in the condition of the North and South housing sites is closely related to the distinction of social members, that is, the level difference, which reflects the diversity and complexity of its social organization structure to a certain extent. In a situation where the rich and the poor have begun to divide and the society is unfair, the strengthening of the power of clan leaders and the emergence of public management mechanisms have become a necessity.

　　The existence and development of any society must lay a solid material foundation for corresponding social production. The ancient city of Tenghualuo has discovered the relics of the rice farming agricultural production area and the handicraft production workshop area, as well as a large number of cultural relics of production tools, which provide us with conclusive material materials for understanding and studying its social production conditions. In the west of the inner city, a large area of red burned soil was found, in some places up to 50 or 60 centimeters thick, and condensate such as kiln sweat produced by high-temperature barbecues was also found. In the northwest part of the inner city, a large number of stone tools have been found, as well as exquisitely polished conical jade ornaments and hexagonal prism crystal products. Among them, a large stone was unearthed, with a length of 80, a width of 16, and a thickness of 6-9 cm, with three sides. All are ground into a concave surface. The above findings strongly suggest that there are large-scale handicraft production workshops in this area. The workshop area not only produces exquisite, eggshell-thin black pottery and other daily necessities and decorative items, but also manufactures tools such as stone knives and stone axes for agricultural production, and produces relics such as arrowheads for hunting and warfare.

　　Tenghualuo Ancient City Ruins discovered for the first time the relics of the rice fields of Longshan Culture. The surface of the No. 1 paddy field remains between the inner and outer cities in the north is irregular, with an exposed area of about 67 square meters, consisting of paddy fields, sluices, and ditches. The soil has been tested and analyzed by the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences and contains a large amount of rice plants. Sampling and testing outside the city found that rice and the main gramineous plants associated with rice, such as reeds, bamboo and other opal species. Hundreds of charcoal grains were found in the rinsed mud in some relic units, which were identified as japonica rice. The discovery of the rice as a civilization has extremely important significance, indicating that agricultural production has become the main source of material life for the society, and it has also narrowed the time gap for the introduction of rice agriculture from the eastern coast of China to Japan. It provides new clues for when, where, and how the rice farming discussed by the academic circles spread eastward to Japan. Japan’s rice farming appeared 3300-3100 years ago, and the absolute age of the carbonized rice Yueshi culture discovered in the later period of the Fujihualuo site was determined by scientific carbon fourteen, mainly 3900-3100 years ago.

　　From the perspective of production tools and life relics, it also reflects the extremely agricultural characteristics of the production economy of vines. Among the production tools, stone tools are particularly developed. Various types of stone tools such as axes, adzes, knives, arrowheads, and chisels have various forms, and most of them are extremely delicately polished, mainly for farming purposes. Animal remains include pigs, cows, sika deer, etc. The remains of marine life such as shellfish are rare, which are clearly different from similar sites on the Shandong Peninsula such as Sanli River in Jiao County.

　　In ancient societies, especially primitive societies, social productive forces made certain breakthroughs in the restraints of nature, but when human wisdom could not fully understand nature and social phenomena, they had to deal with their inability to control the normal operation of their labor, life, and even social organizations. Their natural and social forces have produced awe and worship, and spiritual beliefs similar to religion have emerged, which have become part of the social civilization they created. The people of Tenghualuo Ancient City Society are no exception. The most representative one is the huge high desktop building found in the north of the inner city residential area. It is built on a platform foundation, and the plane is in the shape of a circle. The outer area is 100 square meters and the inner area is 31 square meters. The wall base groove is 32-50 cm wide and 40 cm deep. The wall column holes in the base groove are dense, the diameter is thick, and it is deeper than the base groove. The bedding of the house site is very pure and can be divided into two layers. Three boulders are distributed on the inner middle plane. In the middle of the southern part, there is a 3.5-meter-wide road from the outside to the inside. Judging from its shape and scale, it is no longer an ordinary residential building, but a building facility related to religion, rituals or other large-scale gatherings, which is similar to the relics of the ancient Japanese "community" known as "Huangdi Mingtang".

　　In ancient times, "she" was a place of worship for the land. Sacrifices and other activities are held in the community during spring ploughing and autumn harvest every year. For other major events, such as wars, we must also pray to the gods of the community for fortune-telling. Many agricultural tribes in the world in the primitive age saw crops grow out of the land, but did not understand the reasons. They prayed for and relied on a bumper harvest of food, so land worship took place. They found "community" in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty. It is the word "earth". In Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, big trees were mainly used as the gods, but in some places, big stones were also used as the gods. The giant "Hui" house and the big stone in the middle of the old town of Tenghualuo, the agricultural society of the ancient city of Tenghualuo, provide physical data for the textual research on the origin of the "community" in China.

　　The above-mentioned high-rise buildings should be frequent and important religious activity sites for residents of Tenghualuo Ancient City. Remains of sacrificial activities under specific circumstances have also been found in the ruins. Many rectangular or oval earth pits were found in the rammed soil on both sides of the southern wall gate and the southern gate of the ancient city. People, pigs, and dogs were buried in them. Some people buried the same pit for human sacrifice and animal sacrifice. The pit should be the "human sacrifice" and "sacrifice" for laying the foundation. It shows that in major construction activities, the use of animals and even people to worship the God of Destiny in order to achieve success and eternity has become a fixed ritual.

　　Rattan Hualuo people created their own glorious civilization with their hands and wisdom. We were surprised and convinced, and we thought deeply.