The rock paintings of Jiangjun Cliff are located on a raised mountain bag under Jiangjun Cliff on the west side of Taohuajian at the southern foot of Jinping Mountain in Haizhou. On the mountain bag, there is a huge original stone and three irregular natural stones arranged under the original stone. It is about two meters long. One of them is covered with regular chiseled round nests of varying sizes. Historians have examined it. They are "stone ancestors" and "stone feet", and are the main sacrifice subjects of "stone as sacrifice" in the Dongyi tribe. Three groups of rock paintings surround the four boulders, arranged on the north, south and east sides of 22 meters long and 15 meters wide. There was a dolmen on the rock on the north side of the petroglyphs. According to Fang Jin, the former vice chairman of the CPPCC, he had seen a group of rock carvings on the cliffs in the dolmen with a group of "generals leading horses". This is the "Jiangjun Cliff". "The origin of the name.

　　The rock painting was discovered for the first time in the city's cultural relics census in 1978. In July 1980, Peking University professor Yu Weichao visited Lianhe and pointed out on the spot: “This is an important historical relic. This is an important discovery. It is not only the earliest rock art discovered in my country but also a place. A picture reflecting the production and life of the Dongyi tribe in my country 3000 years ago.” On the second day, Mr. Yu Weichao gave an academic report on the "Presumption of the Remains of the Dongyi Community Sacrifice at General Ya Dongyi in Lianyungang," and the rock painting was estimated to be 3000 years old. The place of worship for the Dongyi tribe during the pre-Yin and Shang dynasties.

　　In early April 1981, the first Jiangjun Cliff rock painting rubbings exhibition and expert appraisal meeting was held in the Ancient Document Research Office of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. On April 4th, China Central Radio and on April 6th, People’s Daily, Guangming Daily, etc. successively published reports, stating that “the rock painting of Jiangjun Cliff is a relic 3000 years ago, and it is the earliest rock painting in my country discovered so far. Important value".

　　Thus, the research of Jiangjun Cliff's rock paintings kicked off, and papers appeared in journals one after another. The content and era of the rock paintings on Jiangjun Cliff is also a major focus. Some suggest that Nuwa created human beings, reflecting the connection between primitive agriculture and human life. Some suggest that the rock paintings of Jiangjun Cliff reflect the worship and dependence of the ancient Eastern clans on land and agriculture. Some believe that rock paintings are images of ritual music and dance in primitive society. Some are romantic imaginations, thinking that the first group of human faces are marine creatures-horseshoe crabs. Some explore the historical background of rock paintings from folklore and ancient history legends. Others suggested that rock paintings are the worship of the sun god of Dongyi. Some have noticed that the study of rock paintings from an astronomical point of view depicts the characters' sacrifices to the "birds and stars" at the time of the "Vernal Equinox", and the scene of praying for a good harvest. Some do say that the rock paintings of Jiangjun Cliff are ancient altars, and their content is about the ten-day myth, and Jiangjun Cliff is the remains of the sacrificial altar.

　　There are three articles that examine the rock paintings of Jiangjun Cliff from ancient astronomy. One is Zhou Jinping's "The Presumption of Xizhong's Sacrifice to the Sun and the Earth", Lu Sixian's "The Statue of the Sun and Astronomy in the Rock Paintings of Jiangjun Cliff" and Wang Hongjin's "General Cliff" "Dashi Tu Kao" and so on. They took a new look at the content of the Jiangjun Cliff paintings from a new perspective.

　　Mr. Yu Weichao is a pioneer in the study of Jiangjunya rock paintings. His presumption that rock paintings are altars for the ancestors of Dongyi is undoubtedly an important contribution to archaeology. Many contents in rock paintings, such as astrological charts, meridians, etc., have not yet been further studied. Since the discovery of rock paintings in 1988, it has been published as a "national cultural preservation unit", and 25 years have passed. Although two academic seminars have been held during the period, many scholars' articles have touched on the deep connotation of cliff rock paintings, but most articles have not Can boldly cross the 3000-year historical threshold that Mr. Yu has already determined, never cast his vision to the farther ancient history of Dongyi’s outstanding astronomical achievements, did not break through the cloud of ancient history debate, from ancient mythology to ancient legends It reveals its profound humanistic connotation, so it is impossible to lift the veil of the general cliff rock paintings and decipher the mystery of the "Book of Heaven".

　　once again inadvertently discovered, pushing the research of rock painting to a new field. Not long after the "Beginning of Spring" in 2002, Mr. Wang Dayou, a researcher from the National Conditions Research Center of Peking University, the Institute of Taiji Culture, and an expert from the Chinese Chinese Cultural Tie Project Organizing Committee, visited Lianhe. Due to the long-term erosion of modern industrial acid rain, some rock carvings in the rock paintings on Jiangjun Cliff have been very blurred. With the help of Mr. Zhao Ming from the Propaganda Department of the Municipal Party Committee, we compare the rock paintings with the rock paintings on the Jiangjun Cliff in the first group. In the petroglyphs, we found the petroglyphs of the "Goumang" human face that had been blurred and almost disappeared (Figure 4). This is a new discovery. The conclusive historical evidence can completely overthrow the ancient civilization history of Haizhou 6,000 years ago. The rock paintings on the cliff of Jiangjun are the records of the observation of the sky from the Gomang tribe in ancient times. Among them, the second group of astrological maps, the round nest on the boulder, the meridian, and the sun are the earliest (or even the earliest in the world) astronomical achievements discovered in my country so far. Therefore, it can be presumed that Jiangjunya is an astronomical observatory with a clear clan logo, a written continuous memoir, and a totem inscription, and an altar for worshiping the ancestors of heaven. It is a pilgrimage center for the ancestors of Dongyi 6000 years ago. Jiang Junya is no longer a "Book of Heaven" that is difficult to crack.

　　The sorcery atmosphere around Jiangjun Cliff gradually dissipates, and the research on the rock paintings of Jiangjun Cliff will have a historic breakthrough. Jiangjunya is an astronomical observatory for the ancestors of the Chinese people, Fuxi, Taihao, and Shaohao, to observe the day, moon, and stars. This is a repositioning of the historical value of the rock paintings on Jiangjun Cliff. So there is such a new testimony to the discovery of the head of Goumang in the Jiangjun Cliff rock paintings and the investigation of ancient human geography in Haizhou area. The upper right of the Goumang statue in the first group of rock paintings is a portrayal of one aspect. Goumang can also be written as a sentence mang, with the word "moon" added to the left. The ancient pronunciation still reads "朐" (go). The ancient pronunciation of "Gou Mountain" in Qushan in Haizhou is because the Gomang clan married the Changxi tribe who lived here. Form a new clan. The Changxi tribe is a clan that watches the moon. He is the inventor of the lunar calendar in December. The Gomang clan is the inventor of the October solar calendar. The combination of these two tribes forms a new clan, which is the "Qu" tribe. The character on the left represents Changxi, and the sentence on the right is Goumang. , Qushan is the confirmation of the famous mountain named after the tribe that the Qu people once lived.

　　Goumang, the historian has long considered it to be a figure in ancient myths and legends. He is the eldest of the four sons of the Fuxi family, Chong, Ge, Xiu, and Xizhong. Fuxi appointed him to the east to preside over the observation of Jupiter. The east belongs to wood, so it is also called Muguan and Chunguan. Zhong is Goumang, who later became Taihao's assistant officer and Shaohao's uncle. Both "Shan Hai Jing" and "Zuo Zhuan" have records, calling him "a human body" and "two snakes on foot". This period of history of the Gomang tribe is well-documented in the second chapter of the Chu Silk Book of the Warring States Period found in the Changshatan library in the 1980s. The Chu people are descendants of the Jumang tribe descending south. It is confirmed in the silk book that Zhong, Ge, Xiu, and Xi are the four sons of Fuxi and Nuwa. Fuxi sent them to four different positions, east, west, north, south, and north to measure the stars and the sun's circumstance, put forward their own measurement data, and formulate a calendar based on this to guide agricultural production. These four sons are astronomical masters—Yu and Li, who are in charge of the four-time heaven and earth's changing laws in different regions. Therefore, the ancient Sifang was the habitat of the four ancient ethnic groups, and a certain animal was the main totem, forming the four elephants. Such as Dongfang-Taihao-Qinglong-Zhuchun-Muzheng. And Gou Mang was the assistant official who assisted Dongfang Taihao. The depiction of portraits in the rock paintings of Jiangjun Cliff is exactly the memorial and reverence of Gomang's descendants to Gomang, as one of the ancestors who sacrificed to ancestors.

　　If Goumang's guess is correct, in this way, the content of the first group of "human faces" can be basically deciphered. The heads of the first group of people on the north of Jiangjunya are rough, with clear red bars and basically the same shape. Nine heads of different sizes are carved out by the Yinxian. A straight line under the jaw is connected to the ground. On the head is a net-like or diamond-shaped headdress carved by Yinxian. This may be the objective record of "There are nine kinds of barbarians" recorded in the history books. It is a portrayal of the grand coalition of the Dongyi "Shaohao Tribal Alliance" 6000 years ago, and it is a big gathering of "people" nine barbarian leaders.

　　There is a figure in a straight skirt in the picture. It may be Dongyi's emblem with a bird as a totem. It, together with the big stone "community owner" and the three small stone "community feet" in the middle, constitute the main body of the tribal sacrifice. This formation can be said to be exactly the same as the sacrificial rites of the "she stone" at the Qiuwan site in Tongshan County, Xuzhou and the Zhongyun Tenghualuo Dajia site. This is the basis for the argument that Jiangjunya is the "altar".

　　Jiangjun Cliff should also be a star observation station for the ancestors of Dongyi.

　　We carefully observed that the location of the rock paintings on Jiangjun Cliff is a raised mountain bag, which resembles a sky dome covering the sky, which is the reflection of the ancients on the sky round place. It should be a "spiritual platform" for viewing the sky. It is surrounded by Jinping Mountains to the north and east, and the sea to the west and south in ancient times. The location of this spiritual platform can be said to be original. The location of the spiritual platform must be close to the water so that the level of the spiritual platform can be measured according to the horizontal plane. The spiritual platform must be a raised hill or flat basement platform as the spiritual platform for erecting the top wood. The shadow length is used to measure the winter solstice, summer solstice, vernal equinox and autumnal equinox. This is the sundial for later generations.

　　The ancient Lingtai site was established at about 35° north latitude based on today's scientific surveys, so that the shadow length of the summer solstice is 1 meter 2 feet, the winter solstice 1 meter 5 feet, and the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox are 6 feet each. An accurate figure cannot be measured without this location. This is where ancient Chinese such as Xianyang, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Xuzhou and important prehistoric sites such as Banpo Site, Dahe Village Site, and Jiangjunya Site are located from west to east. The reason is that these ancient cities and ancient ruins have established observing platforms. The table wood has been erected. Become the seat of the center of heaven and earth.

　　The table wood erected on the observation platform is also called the day table. Shakumu is a measuring ruler. The ratio between it and yuba is 1:8, that is, yuba is 8 feet high and a yakumu is one foot. It is roughly equivalent to the length of the winter solstice day shadow longer than the summer solstice day shadow, that is, 8:1. Chimu is work, a kind of rule, called Beiyu, or Yu, also called Xiangge. Before the step (a measuring tool) was used to calculate the yin and yang calendar with the sun and the moon as the mixed cycle, Goumang used Beiyu as a measuring tool to determine the length of a year and determine the four seasons. This is the Pythagorean theorem created later.

　　Goumang’s astronomical achievements are in the general cliff rock paintings, which have carved out the original archives of sky observation for us, and left us a valuable asset. According to Mr. Wang Dayou's preliminary investigation, the round nest carved on the bird-shaped "community foot" at the top of Jiangjun Cliff is an ancient star elephant of the Big Dipper and Alcyone in the constellation Qinglong. The Big Dipper of 6000 years ago was Jiuxing, which is different from the Big Dipper of today. Its other two stars are Boss and Genghe, which make the handle of the Big Dipper longer and easier to observe. Mr. Wang Hongjin of the Municipal Tourism Bureau once published a "Dashi Kao", demonstrating that the constellation of the "social foot" is consistent with Mr. Wang Dayou's observation and conclusions. The discovery of the meridian is an important physical evidence of Jiangjunya painting as an astronomical observatory. Mr. Zhou Jinping of the City Museum once provided the survey results of the Surveying and Mapping Brigade of the Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of the Ministry of Geology. The azimuth angle is an-s=176°24'52”, which is an error of only 3° from the meridian surveyed by scientific instruments today. 55'88" is indeed an outstanding achievement of ancient Chinese astronomy.

　　The process of discovery, generation and improvement of the ancient Chinese calendar is the historical evidence of the development of our national civilization. The basic reference for the calendar is the recurrence of the Big Dipper and the periodic return of the sun's shadow. It is used to observe the sun's movement to determine winter and summer, and the direction of the Big Dipper handle to determine the cold and heat. When the sun moves to the southernmost point, it is the winter solstice and the northernmost point is the summer solstice. Mr. He Xin, an expert on the study of ancient history in Beijing, in his book "The Origin of the Gods", also extended the carving time of the general cliff rock painting to 5000-7000 years ago. He pointed out that the ancients' observation and research on the movement of celestial bodies led to the understanding of the diversified orbits of celestial bodies in the observation of larger astronomical cycles, annual seasonal cycles and planets. When the ancients recognized that the sun is not the center on the celestial sphere and the center of the ecliptic is the North Pole, that is, the notion of heaven is impossible without a fundamental revolution.

　　Goumang is an important member of the Dongyi group. Dongyi calls themselves "Ren", this name was formed 9,000 years ago, so Dongyi people call themselves "Renfang". After the Fuxi clan moved to the east, they became the supreme monarch of the Dongyi people and became the "human emperor". This is evidenced by Tao Wenhao unearthed in Dawenkou and Ju County. "Nine Heads of Human Emperor": There are nine clan of Yanrenhuang, these nine clans are called "Nine Winds", "Jiuying", "Nine Phoenix", "Nine Heads of Human Face and Bird Body". "The Preface of the Spring and Autumn Period" records: "The nine heads of the emperor come out of Yanggu and divide the nine rivers." Like Jiuying and Jiufeng, Jiutou said that there are nine patriots in the Dongyi Tribal Alliance. Coincidentally, in the first group of the general cliff rock paintings, ten heads including the figures of Goumang were carved in total, which should be representative of the totem of the Jiuyi tribe. Among them, the root of the largest head at the bottom left of the Gomang portrait is the original text of a herringbone. The pattern on the right is a depiction of a human body with a bird's head. It is a totem emblem worshipped by the Dongyi tribe. It is also the source of the ancestral word "Qi". It is a representative of the Fuxi family. The person under the bird's head is divided into eight equal parts. , It is the measuring ruler for measuring the sky, which later evolved into Yugui, a symbol of power and status. An outstanding conceptual feature of the early Dongyi culture is the worship of the sun. The heads of people in the rock paintings are like the rising sun. The decorations on the head are all mountain peaks continuous, and a straight line connects to the ground. It is the sun-observing table set by the Dongyi people on the spiritual platform, indicating that they are the tribe of the east observing the sun, moon and stars. The engraved symbol is the chronological symbol of the two points of four points.

　　At the end of 2002, my country’s senior geological expert Professor Zhao Jianwei, the first batch of consultants from the Provincial Science and Technology Commission, and senior engineer Shang Deyun, director of the Information Consultation Department of the Institute of Geosciences, inspected the Jiangjun Cliff landscape and used compasses to measure various angles. They also tended to Yu Jiangjunya is an understanding of the armillary sphere, a scientific combination of geology and astronomy, ocean and man, sun and seedlings, and a complex of nature and culture.

　　If the Jiangjun Cliff Petroglyphs were the spiritual platform of the Gomang clan 6,000 years ago, the representative sites excavated in the vicinity of the Jiangjun Cliff Petroglyphs and in the ancient Haizhou area after the founding of the People’s Republic of China are the 6,000-year-old Jiangjun Cliff Petroglyphs. Dating provides important physical evidence. Sites are the remains of ancient human activities. The artifacts unearthed are important signs of archaeological dating. The dating of these sites is not created by someone, but is classified according to artifacts and compared with sites of the same type, even after the latest technological methods such as C14, The thermoluminescence measurement puts forward the age of its site. The Dayi Mountain site was 6,500 years ago, the lower layer of the Dacun site was 6,000 years ago, the Erjian site was 6,000 years ago, the Houdong site in Ganyu, and the Qinghu site in the East China Sea were 6,000 years ago. These major archaeological discoveries have provided a new perspective and evidence for our study of ancient history. The Chaoyang site was 4000 years ago, and the Tenghualuo site was 4000 years ago. The sequence of the ancient historical development of Lianyungang city started from the Gomang period of the Fuxi family 6000 years ago, went through the Taihao and Shaohao periods, and went down to the Shang dynasty before 1500 BC. It lasted for thousands of years. The Yueshi culture, As an important intermediate link between Shandong Longshan culture and Yin Shang culture, it connects the prehistoric history of eastern culture with archaeological evidence but no written records, and China’s written Yin Shang and subsequent history, forming a seven-eight-thousand-year-old history. The complete historical sequence of the ring.

　　6000 years of ancient civilization in Haizhou is not an exaggeration. In China, "Everyone knows astronomy for more than three generations" (Qing·Gu Yanwu). These 6,000-year calculations are based on historical

　　Calculated from the achievements of ancient astronomy in the previous period. The icy springs are surging and the wind is swelling, and people of insight in the historians no longer hold on to the 5000-year history of China's civilization, but are screaming. Chinese culture has developed on the basis of diversification, but its main cultural conflicts, cultural blending and cultural integration, are relatively concentrated in the East-West confrontation areas between Yi and Xia. Mr. Zhang Guangzhi of Harvard University believes that the greatest contribution of archaeology to Chinese history should be in the history of three generations. Archaeologist Su Bingqi once said: "The Chinese civilization is 8,000 years old. I think it's not enough to talk about it? What we see is the fruit of civilization, but there is still a period of time from flowering to fruiting. It is fine to talk about 10,000 years."

　　When we look at the paintings of Jiangjun Cliff from the perspective of ancient historical legends and the great achievements of ancient astronomy, we can say with certainty that the Dongyi people’s face 6000 years ago was a highly developed area of ancient astronomy, and the people of Fang Jiuyi were A great clan. The Chinese civilization once again spewed a peak of construction on the shore of the Yellow Sea. The general cliff rock paintings will occupy an important position in the history of the development of Chinese civilization, shining a bright star.