On July 8, 2002, Lianyungang Museum rescued and sorted out a late Western Han tomb. The location of the ancient tomb was the construction site of Huayuan Road, Shuanglong Village, Haizhou District, Lianyungang City. As reported by the Provincial Cultural Relics Office, the National Cultural Relics Administration issued the Wenbao Letter 2003 No. 139 in January 2003, officially approving the archaeological excavation of the Shuanglong Han Tomb.
The rescue archaeological excavation of the Tomb of Shuanglong Han, from July 8th to July 19th, 2002. Two tombs were excavated. The cleared area was 19.7 square meters, numbered M1 and M2. A batch of Han Dynasty relics were unearthed from the two tombs, especially the well-preserved Han Dynasty female corpse "Ling Huiping", numbered M1, which shocked the archaeological community. The Han Dynasty wet corpse unearthed this time is my country's successor to the Western Han Dynasty in Mawangdui, Hunan. The female corpse, the third wet-shaped ancient corpse of the Han Dynasty after the male corpse of the Han Dynasty in Jingzhou, Hubei Province, has great historical and scientific value.
Shuanglong Han Tomb is located on the Huayuan Road leading to the Shipeng Mountain Scenic Area at the northern foot of Jinping Mountain in Haizhou District. Haizhou is an area rich in ancient cultural relics in our city. Near Jinping Mountain, there are Neolithic sites and remains, Taohuajian melilithic site, Erjian site, Jiangjun cliff rock paintings and so on. In the Qin and Han dynasties, Haizhou was first established as Quxian, economically prosperous and densely populated. Reflected in the archaeological phenomenon, many ancient tombs were discovered in this area. There are many Han tombs near the tomb of Shuanglong Han, such as the Huohe Tomb of the Western Han Dynasty, the Wangtong Han Tomb, the Wuyao Han Tomb, the Xiaojiaoshan Han Tomb and other Han tombs. There are Buddhist cliff statues of the Eastern Han Dynasty more than 1800 years ago. The site of the Shuanglong Han Tomb was the area where people in Lianyungang City had frequent activities during the Han Dynasty.
When the Shuanglong Han Tomb was discovered on July 7, 2002, the upper layer of the tomb had all been excavated, part of the slab had been lifted, and a coffin in the tomb, coffin No. 3, had been dug out of the tomb. The tomb site was seriously damaged. The M1 slab is 3.2 meters above the ground. In view of the late time of the day, the protection was carried out on the spot that night. On July 8th, two coffin rooms and three coffins named M1 were cleaned up at the excavation site, and a number of cultural relics were unearthed. The plane of M1 is in the shape of a "knife", and the tomb has been destroyed to the cover of the coffin chamber. M1 is a tomb tomb with two coffins and four coffins with earth pits and vertical caverns. The tomb is 4.20 meters long from east to west, 3.60 meters wide from north to south, and 1.50 meters deep. The head is 10 degrees east to the south. The coffin chamber is filled with more than 10 centimeters of green plaster. There are two coffin chambers inside the tomb, namely the southern coffin chamber and the northern coffin chamber. There are foot compartments in the coffin rooms, but no burial objects have been seen. The north coffin chamber is 3.46 meters long from east to west and 2.34 meters wide from north to south. There are 3 built-in coffins, numbered from south to north as Coffin No. 1, Coffin No. 2, and Coffin No. 3. Among them, Coffin No. 2 is male, and the upper coffin plate is engraved on it. It is marked with "Donggong" official script. The female corpse of "Ling Huiping" was unearthed in Coffin No. 3. The southern coffin chamber is slightly smaller, 2.7 meters long from east to west and 1.26 meters wide from north to south. The inner depth is 0.8 meters, and the No. 4 coffin is placed alone. . There is a layer of thin plates under the cover of the coffin chamber, about two centimeters thick, crisscrossing the "ceiling" (top plate). The wood blocks of the coffin chamber are neatly processed, and there are shoulder and tenon joints between the wood blocks, and the construction is very particular.
Beijiao Room No. 1 coffin is 2.15 long, 0.72 wide, 0.64 meters high, No. 2 coffin is 2.28 long, 0.76 meters wide, and 0.76 meters high. Coffin No. 3 has the same size and shape as Coffin No. 2. The No. 4 coffin in the south coffin is 2.15 meters long, 0.72 meters wide, and 0.64 meters high. The exterior of the coffin is painted black. The coffin body is dug out of whole wood, and the two ends and the cover are respectively connected with the coffin body by wavy mortises. There are 2 to 4 unequal sub-waisted tenons on both sides of the cover and the coffin body, which are very tightly integrated*. Among them, the No. 2 coffin is the "Donggong" coffin and the No. 3 coffin is the "Linghuiping" coffin. The processing is the most sophisticated, with a maximum of 4 sub-waist tenons and the most complete wavy tenon in a "W" shape. In addition, there is a thin plate about 1 cm thick under the coffin lid, which is the top plate inside the coffin. Among them, the No. 3 coffin of the unearthed female corpse is the most intact, while the top plates in the other coffins have been damaged to varying degrees. The remains in Coffin No. 1 and No. 4 are decayed, while No. 2 is preserved intact, all with straight limbs on their backs.
Coffin No. 1 is poorly preserved. Very few burial objects have been unearthed. Under the coffin plate is the only female wooden figurine unearthed from the tomb of M1. In addition, arc-shaped mirrors and copper coins have been unearthed.
A batch of wooden slips were unearthed from Coffin No. 2, which are mainly famous. Other cultural relics include iron swords, writing brushes, slab inkstones, copper turtle buttons, bridge button seals, bronze mirrors, five baht coins, and combs. The unearthed name records that the prefect of Henan, the captain of Henan, the prefect of Donghai, and the prefect of Hongnong once sent their subordinates to pay respect to the owner of the tomb, showing that the status of the owner of the tomb is not low.
A number of cultural relics were unearthed in the coffin No. 3, and the tortoise button bronze seal unearthed with the ancient corpse was clearly printed, indicating that the tomb owner’s surname was "Lingshi Huiping". Medical experts initially confirmed that the ancient corpse was female, and most of the skin had turned tan, partially gray-yellow, and had a certain degree of elasticity.
In June 2003, under the auspices of ancient corpse researchers and medical experts from Shanghai and Nanjing, the female corpse "Ling Huiping" of the Han Dynasty was scanned and autopsied, providing a medical basis for the perspective of "Ling Huiping". The scan showed that his left eyeball was relatively intact, and his brain tissue was still clearly visible despite its small size. The measurement result is 1.58 meters tall, 24 kilograms weight, clear hair roots, most of the skin is damaged except for local damage, most of which are well preserved, the muscles are stretched elastic and tough, the spine is very straight, and the soles of the feet are clear. The results of anatomy showed that the brain tissue shrank by about 1/2, but it was preserved intact, the frontal sulcus of the brain was clear, the cerebellum was fragmented, and the three * nerves were also very well preserved. The internal organs of the female corpse are intact. Although they are all connected together, the heart, lungs, liver and intestines can be seen clearly. Experts also took cuts or slices of skin, muscles, tendons, and sciatic nerves for further research. The female corpse’s lungs were gray, and it seemed to contain charcoal substances. The preliminary analysis was related to the small environment in which she lived, that is, the family, such as the common heating stove or raw stove in the home caused by indoor infection. The 29 teeth of the female corpse are well-preserved, but the degree of wear is greater than that of modern people, which may be related to the fact that people mostly ate hard food at that time. According to the test of the coffin liquid samples, the pH value is 7.55 weakly alkaline, which is completely different from the acidic coffin liquid found in the tombs of the Han Dynasty in Mawangdui, Changsha, with a pH value of 5.18. "Ling Huiping" can be completely preserved in an alkaline environment suitable for bacteria to survive. The reason for this requires further medical research.
In addition to the ancient corpse, a lacquer box, a lacquer wire winding, a lacquer ruler, a lacquer syringe, a mirror with four breasts and four eyes, as well as a leather ribbon and turtle button seal, clothing sparse, comb grate and other cultural relics were unearthed in the No. 3 coffin.
Coffin No. 4 unearthed a set of Qizi lacquer boxes, copper coins, wooden combs and other utensils.
M2 was also discovered during road construction and was excavated on July 19. M2 is about 2.5 meters southeast of M1. M2 is also an earth pit vertical tomb, a double coffin tomb, rectangular in plan, with its head facing south and west 30 degrees, the tomb is 2.80 meters long, 1.66 meters wide, and 2.20 meters deep. The coffin chamber and the coffin were severely decayed, and the remains were also decayed. There were wooden figurines unearthed in the foot compartments, and copper coins and bronze mirrors were unearthed in the coffins.
Analysis of artifacts unearthed from the Shuanglong Han Tomb M1, the date of M1 is about the late Western Han Dynasty. The five baht coins unearthed in M1 are equivalent to the first and second five baht coins in "Shaogou Han Tomb in Luoyang", and the coins from the Xinmang era are not seen. The unearthed mirrors with four breasts and four chisas and mirrors with continuous arc inscriptions were popular in the middle and late Han Dynasty to the early Eastern Han Dynasty. The name unearthed in the coffin No. 2 in M1 bears the name of the owner of the tomb of Hongnong Dashou. Hongnong County was founded in Wudi Yuanding four years ago.
A simplified daylight mirror with arcs unearthed in
M2 should be equivalent to the period of the mid-late to Wangmang period of the Western Han Dynasty.
In addition, the headings of the tombs of M1 and M2 are inconsistent, and the scale is very different, reflecting the tendency of family cemeteries not to exist between M1 and M2.
The excavation of the Tomb of Shuanglong Han, especially the discovery of ancient corpses, is of great significance to the archaeology of our country and our province. The ancient corpse of the Shuanglong Han Tomb was found in the Huanghuai area. It is a wet corpse of the Mawangdui type. The corpse is completely immersed in coffin liquid, which is extremely rare. The study of the ancient corpses and unearthed cultural relics of the Shuanglong Han tomb is of great significance to the study of anthropology, archaeology, anatomy, pathology, botany, environmental protection and other disciplines. Through multi-disciplinary comprehensive research, the migration of ethnic groups and ethnic research in surrounding areas, and the exploration of the living environment of ancient humans have provided first-hand physical data.
The discovery of Shuanglong Han tomb is also of great significance to the study of the regional culture of Lianyungang City. It has greatly enriched the research connotation of Han culture in this area, expanded the research space, and provided us with new materials for studying Han culture.
